Ever since we got the confirmation that these engineers were in fact speaking in Proto-Indian-European, i have been fascinated by their culture and how much of it is present in the movie. For instance:
There was a creation myth involving the world being made from the body of a giant. The elements in the myth are *Yemós, the "twin" who is dismembered by *Mánu, his brother, and then the parts of the twin's body are used to create the world according to a specific formula "his bones are the rocks, his blood made the rivers and seas", etc.
There is something in lindelof's script that tells us of an engineer speaking to the one about to be sacrifficed and telling him to let his flesh be our dirt and his blood be our rivers....
Further than that we also have this piece of information:
Culture myths, stories in which some godlike being teaches the "arts of civilization" (actually technologies) to humans, are found in all cultures. The culture myths of the Indo-Europeans tell how the culture gods taught humans such arts as how to make fire, the proper way to kill and butcher an animal (sacrifice), religious rituals and law codes, smithing, weaving, ploughing, and healing. Culture-giving figures (e.g. Prometheus and Loki) sometimes have an intermediate position between gods and humans (i.e., demigods). They are certainly supernatural, but they often die or are tortured by other gods for their beneficence to humans; nevertheless they are often revived and worshipped like regular gods or revered as heroes. Mallory and Adams call them Craft Gods and argue that they are not linguistically reconstructible; however, Cox compares Greek Prometheus with Hindu Pramanthu (Cox, p. 421). Smith gods, a subset of the culture gods, are slightly reconstructible according to Mallory and Adams.
"Craft Gods"- You mean like someone who crafts and builds? Someone like an engineer?
It all links to Prometheus.
There is a lot more information, but i'm gonna let everyone contribute a little now. More than that, it's just especulation.